The 2003 Unequal Treatment publication by the Institute of Medicine was a revolutionary report that held promise for change. Documenting evidence of pervasive racial and ethnic health inequities in the United States, it highlighted the role of health care institutions in addressing these disparities. Yet, systemic inequities in health care for people of color have remained largely unchanged over the past two decades. To look back in 40 years and say there has been improvement, we need to comprehend the reasons behind the current state of incomplete progress. Join the authors of The Sociopolitical Context of the Unequal Treatment Report: Then and Now, in discussing promising solutions that decisionmakers, practitioners, and advocates can use to create a more equitable US health system—and to address ongoing challenges to eliminating inequities.